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Pearson Edexcel International GCSE
Physics — Topic 4 Paper 1
Energy resources and energy transfers · specification 4.1–4.17
Time allowed: 30 minutes
Total marks: 25
Candidate name:
Centre / class:
Answer all questions. You may use a calculator. Show your working. Take $g=10\,\text{N/kg}$.
1
The Sankey diagram for an electric kettle is labelled $2000\,\text{J}$ input, $1600\,\text{J}$ useful thermal energy transferred to the water, and $400\,\text{J}$ wasted.
(a) Calculate the efficiency of the kettle.
[2]
(b) State the useful energy store that increases and the pathway by which energy is transferred to the kettle.
[2]
(c) Name the store that decreases to supply the $2000\,\text{J}$, and state where the wasted $400\,\text{J}$ goes.
[2]
(Total for Question 1 = 6 marks)
2
A brick of mass $2.0\,\text{kg}$ is held at rest $5.0\,\text{m}$ above the ground.
(a) Calculate the gravitational potential energy store of the brick relative to the ground.
[2]
(b) The brick is dropped. Air resistance is negligible. State the kinetic energy just before it hits the ground and calculate its speed.
[3]
(c) In a second drop, work done against friction is $20\,\text{J}$. Calculate the kinetic energy just before impact.
[2]
(Total for Question 2 = 7 marks)
3
A student uses a vacuum flask to keep tea hot. The flask has a double silvered wall with a vacuum between the walls, and a plastic stopper.
(a) Explain how the vacuum reduces thermal energy transfer from the tea.
[2]
(b) Explain how the silvering reduces thermal energy transfer.
[2]
(c) Explain the purpose of the stopper.
[2]
(Total for Question 3 = 6 marks)
4
A student investigates how the surface of an object affects the infrared radiation it emits. She uses a Leslie’s cube filled with very hot water. The four faces have different surfaces, including dull black and shiny silver.
(a) Describe a method the student should use to compare the radiation from two faces. Include what she measures and what she keeps the same.
[4]
(b) Suggest two sources of error in this investigation and how one of them could be reduced.
[2]
(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)
END OF PAPER 1
Pearson Edexcel International GCSE
Physics — Topic 4 Paper 2
Energy resources and energy transfers · specification 4.1–4.17
Time allowed: 30 minutes
Total marks: 25
Candidate name:
Centre / class:
Answer all questions. You may use a calculator. Show your working. Take $g=10\,\text{N/kg}$.
1
A filament lamp is supplied with $60\,\text{J}$ of electrical energy. $12\,\text{J}$ is transferred usefully as light. $48\,\text{J}$ is wasted as thermal energy.
(a) Calculate the efficiency of the lamp.
[2]
(b) On a Sankey diagram, which arrow should be the widest: the input, the useful output, or the wasted output? Explain your answer.
[2]
(c) Name the pathway for the useful transfer and the store that increases because of the wasted $48\,\text{J}$.
[2]
(Total for Question 1 = 6 marks)
2
A skateboarder of mass $50\,\text{kg}$ starts from rest at a height of $3.2\,\text{m}$ above the bottom of a ramp.
(a) Calculate the gravitational potential energy store at the top of the ramp.
[2]
(b) On the way down, friction transfers $400\,\text{J}$ to the thermal store of the wheels and air. Calculate the kinetic energy at the bottom.
[2]
(c) Calculate the speed of the skateboarder at the bottom.
[3]
(Total for Question 2 = 7 marks)
3
A room is heated by an electric heater placed on the floor near one wall.
(a) Explain how a convection current is set up in the room. Refer to density in your answer.
[4]
(b) Suggest why the heater is placed near the floor rather than on the ceiling.
[2]
(Total for Question 3 = 6 marks)
4
A student compares how well different metals conduct thermal energy. She uses rods of copper, aluminium and iron. A drawing pin is attached to the end of each rod with wax. The other ends are heated together.
(a) Describe a method the student should use. State the independent variable, the dependent variable, and two quantities she must control.
[4]
(b) State one safety precaution and one reason a pin might fall at the wrong time, giving a false result.
[2]
(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)
END OF PAPER 2
Pearson Edexcel International GCSE
Physics — Topic 4 Paper 3
Energy resources and energy transfers · specification 4.1–4.17
Time allowed: 30 minutes
Total marks: 25
Candidate name:
Centre / class:
Answer all questions. You may use a calculator. Show your working. Take $g=10\,\text{N/kg}$.
1
An electric motor is supplied with $800\,\text{J}$ of energy. $600\,\text{J}$ is transferred usefully to the kinetic store of a flywheel. $200\,\text{J}$ is wasted as thermal energy.
(a) Calculate the efficiency of the motor.
[2]
(b) State the principle of conservation of energy and use it to show that the figures on the Sankey diagram add up correctly.
[2]
(c) Name the pathway that transfers energy to the motor and the store that increases because of the wasted $200\,\text{J}$.
[2]
(Total for Question 1 = 6 marks)
2
A roller-coaster car and passengers have a combined mass of $80\,\text{kg}$. The car is released from rest at a height of $12\,\text{m}$. At the bottom of the first drop the kinetic energy is $7200\,\text{J}$.
(a) Calculate the gravitational potential energy store at the top.
[2]
(b) Calculate the work done against friction on the way down.
[2]
(c) Calculate the speed of the car at the bottom.
[3]
(Total for Question 2 = 7 marks)
3
A house has cavity walls filled with foam and double-glazed windows.
(a) Explain how cavity-wall foam reduces the rate of thermal energy transfer through the wall.
[3]
(b) Explain how double glazing reduces thermal energy transfer through the window.
[3]
(Total for Question 3 = 6 marks)
4
A teacher demonstrates convection using a large beaker of water, a crystal of potassium permanganate and a small Bunsen flame. A heater in a tank of water could be used instead.
(a) Describe a method to show a convection current. State what you would see.
[4]
(b) Explain, in terms of density, why the coloured water moves as it does. State one safety precaution.
[2]
(Total for Question 4 = 6 marks)
END OF PAPER 3